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Free Virginia genealogy records
Where to find free birth, death, marriage, census, probate, land and newspaper records for Virginia, and which offices hold what. Last checked Oct 2026.
Check before relying on these:
- The 1853–1896 registers are widely cited and held at the Library of Virginia, but CDC doesn't mention them. Coverage is uneven.
Birth, death and marriage records
When statewide registration began: Statewide registration began after June 14, 1912. Virginia also kept statewide birth and death registers from 1853 to 1896.
- Births, deaths and marriages: the state office has them from June 14, 1912.
- Earlier records: the Library of Virginia, or the circuit court that issued the marriage license.
Current office addresses, fees and eligibility rules are on the CDC "Where to Write for Vital Records" page for Virginia. Records that are too recent are usually restricted to close family. Older ones are often free to view as indexes or images on the free databases below.
Before statewide registration, some counties and larger cities kept their own registers. Church baptism and burial registers, family Bibles, obituaries and cemetery records fill the gaps.
Census records
- Federal censuses from 1790 to 1950 are free to search on several sites. The 1950 census is free from the National Archives' 1950 Census site, and NARA's census research pages explain each year.
- Almost all of the 1890 federal census was destroyed after a 1921 fire, so families can "disappear" between 1880 and 1900.
- Ask the state archives whether any state or territorial census schedules survive for Virginia.
- Census records only exist for years after statehood or territorial organization.
Probate and land records
- Probate: County and city circuit courts handle wills and deeds. Older probate files are often transferred to the state archives.
- Land: Virginia is a state-land state, so there are no federal land-entry files for most of it. Original grants came from the colony, state or earlier governments; look for them at the state archives or land office. Later deeds are recorded by the county.
Historic newspapers
- Chronicling America: Virginia newspapers is the Library of Congress's free archive of digitized historic newspapers, filtered to this state.
- Library of Virginia is Virginia's partner in the National Digital Newspaper Program, which digitizes the state's papers for Chronicling America.
- Virginia Chronicle: a free state digital newspaper site.
- Obituaries are the best newspaper find for genealogy. If your family's paper isn't digitized, the local public library or historical society may have it on microfilm.
Archives, libraries and societies
- Library of Virginia: the state's official archives, with older government records such as court, land, military and often vital records.
- Virginia Museum of History & Culture: historical society or research library with manuscripts, photographs and local histories.
Tips for the local level
- Find which county your ancestor's town was in at the time. County lines moved as new counties were created, and records stay with the county that created them.
- Call or email before visiting. Many courthouses have moved older books to the state archives or a county records center.
- Look for the local genealogical society and the county page of the free, volunteer-run USGenWeb Project, which often have transcriptions and cemetery lists.
- Virginia's independent cities are separate from the counties around them, with their own records. Many counties also lost courthouse records in fires and the Civil War, so check whether yours is a "burned county".
Big free (and freemium) databases
- FamilySearch Research Wiki: Virginia: a free, volunteer-edited guide to Virginia record types, useful for double-checking anything on this page.
- FamilySearch: a free nonprofit genealogy site with indexed records and digitized microfilm. You need a free account to search.
- Find a Grave: free, volunteer-built cemetery listings, often with headstone photos.
- BillionGraves: free headstone photos tagged with GPS locations.
- National Archives genealogy pages: guides to federal census, military, immigration and land records.
- Ancestry: a large subscription site. Some indexes are free with a free account, and many public libraries offer free in-library access.
Sources
- CDC/NCHS, Where to Write for Vital Records: Virginia
- National Archives, State Archives list
- Library of Congress, National Digital Newspaper Program awardees
- National Archives, Census Records
Last checked Oct 2026. Offices, fees and web addresses change. If something here is wrong, the official office is always right.
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